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NORTH AMERICAN DISTRIBUTION RELOCATION INTO CANADA ... ReichAnalytics Amazon & Walmart Flee to Vancouver — Trump's 15% Online Tax BACKFIRED \| Robert Reich PLAY YOUTUBE VIDEO Original article: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndGD-_hG0xs
Amazon & Walmart Flee to Vancouver — Trump's 15% Online Tax BACKFIRED \| Robert Reich ReichAnalytics 5.67K subscribers Jan 3, 2026 What happens when a 15% e-commerce tax, byzantine interstate regulations, and gig worker reclassification accidentally destroy American logistics and create an e-commerce powerhouse in Canada? In this analysis, Robert Reich uncovers the stunning story behind the warehouse industry's mass exodus from California and Texas to Vancouver and Toronto — a story the media isn't telling you. While headlines focus on Trump's Fair E-Commerce Act designed to protect local retail and workers, the real shift is the systematic collapse of America's logistics infrastructure. This isn't just about Amazon closing warehouses; it's about how well-intentioned but economically illiterate policies destroy the very jobs they claim to protect. For workers like Carlos, who lost his California Amazon supervisor job, and Sandra, whose Texas jewelry business nearly failed, this means choosing between relocation or losing everything they built. Meanwhile, Vancouver and Toronto are becoming North America's logistics capitals as Canada offers zero e-commerce taxes and streamlined customs. Because when politicians tax online sales at 15% and force companies into rigid labor models, those companies don't adapt — they relocate. And your packages start arriving from a different country. How this was made Altered or synthetic content Sound or visuals were significantly edited or digitally generated. Learn more Peter Burgess COMMENTARY Peter Burgess Transcript 0:00 I want to start with something you might not notice unless you look closely at the shipping label on your next package. That book you ordered from Amazon, that pair of shoes from an online retailer, that electronics gadget arriving at your doorstep, there is a good chance it did not ship from an American warehouse anymore. Look at the origin city, Vancouver, Toronto, Montreal. Increasingly, the packages Americans order online are coming from Canada. Not because Canadian companies are suddenly dominating e-commerce, but because American e-commerce companies Amazon, Walmart, Shopify, Target have quietly relocated their distribution infrastructure north of the border. If you told anyone 5 years ago that the majority of North American e-commerce logistics would flow through Canadian hubs rather than massive American fulfillment centers, they would have dismissed you as delusional. E-commerce was America's creation. Amazon invented the model. American consumers drove the growth. The United States had the largest, most sophisticated logistics network in the world. But that network 1:02 is collapsing right now. And the reason is not competition or technology disruption. It is policy. Specifically, Trump's decision to impose a 15% tax on all online sales, create Byzantine interstate commerce regulations that make shipping across state lines a compliance nightmare, and reclassify gig economy workers as W2 employees, which exploded labor costs for companies built on flexible staffing models. Those policies, justified as protecting local retail and ensuring worker protections, have had the opposite effect. They have made American e-commerce uncompetitive, driven companies to relocate, and destroyed the very jobs they were supposed to protect. And Canada, recognizing the opportunity, moved with remarkable speed to become the e-commerce capital of North America. They are not just attracting distribution centers. They are becoming the logistics backbone of an entire continent. And the workers, the warehouse supervisors, the gig drivers, 2:01 the small business owners who built their lives around e-commerce are learning that even industries that seem inherently domestic can relocate when governments make them impossible to operate profitably. And when they do, entire regional economies shift with them. What officially happened looks on paper like a straightforward attempt to help struggling retail and protect workers. In early 2025, Trump signed the Fair E-Commerce Act, a sweeping piece of legislation designed to level the playing field between online retailers and brickandmortar stores. The centerpiece was a 15% federal tax on all online transactions, not just on the platform's profit, but on the gross sale price. If you bought a $50 item online, the retailer owed $7.50 in federal tax. The stated goal was to offset the advantages online retailers had over physical stores, which paid 3:00 property taxes, employed local workers, and contributed to community tax bases in ways that warehouse-based e-commerce companies did not. The second part of the legislation imposed strict new interstate commerce regulations. For decades, online retailers could ship freely across state lines with minimal paperwork. Trump's policy required detailed manifests for every shipment crossing state borders, compliance with varying state level product regulations and mandatory registration in every state where a company delivered goods. For a company like Amazon, which ships to all 50 states, this meant navigating 50 different regulatory frameworks, each with its own rules, fees, and reporting requirements. The administrative burden was staggering. The third component targeted the gig economy. For years, companies like Amazon Flex, Instacart, Door Dash, and others had relied on independent contractors. People who used their own vehicles, set their own hours, 4:00 and worked flexibly. Trump's labor policy reclassified these workers as W2 employees, meaning companies had to provide benefits, withhold taxes, pay minimum wage guarantees, and cover workers compensation insurance. The policy was framed as a victory for workers rights, ensuring protections for people who had been exploited as contractors, but the effect was to make the gig model, which had allowed millions of people to earn supplemental income on flexible schedules, economically unviable for companies operating on thin margins. The cumulative impact of these three policies was catastrophic for American e-commerce. The 15% tax ate directly into already narrow profit margins. Online retail operates on volume with individual transactions often generating only a few dollars of profit. A 15% tax turned profitable transactions into losses. The interstate regulations added compliance costs that smaller retailers simply could not afford. Only the 5:01 largest companies had the legal teams and infrastructure to navigate the complexity. And even they struggled. And the gig worker reclassification increased labor costs by as much as 40%, making same day and next day delivery services customers had come to expect prohibitively expensive. Companies responded the only way they could. They started shutting down American operations and moving to Canada. While American e-commerce was collapsing under regulatory pressure, Canada was building an alternative. Mark Carney, always strategic, understood that e-commerce is not just about convenience for consumers. It is infrastructure. It is logistics networks, distribution hubs, data systems, payment processing, last mile delivery. It is one of the defining industries of the 21st century. And whoever controls it shapes how goods move across continents. If the United States was going to make e-commerce unviable through taxation and regulation, Canada would create the conditions for it to thrive. Carney 6:01 announced a comprehensive e-commerce development strategy, committing $15 billion over 10 years to build logistics infrastructure, streamline customs processes, and support companies relocating from the United States. He guaranteed zero federal taxes on e-commerce transactions, not reduced taxes. Zero. If you sold a product online and shipped it from Canada, you paid no federal tax on the transaction. He eliminated interprovincial trade barriers, making it as easy to ship from Vancouver to Toronto as it was to ship within a single city. He preserved the flexibility of gig work, allowing companies to continue using independent contractors without reclassification mandates. And most critically, he negotiated automatic customs clearance for packages crossing the US Canada border, a streamlined process that allowed goods to flow south with minimal delay or paperwork. The response was immediate. Within months, Amazon began announcing closures of American fulfillment centers and openings of new 7:00 facilities in Canada. Walmart followed. Shopify, the Canadian e-commerce platform that had become a major player globally, expanded aggressively. Target, which had struggled with logistics, moved operations to Vancouver. And thousands of smaller e-commerce businesses, companies selling everything from clothing to electronics to specialty goods, started registering in Canada, shifting their operations to take advantage of the zero tax environment and simpler regulations. Let me show you what this looks like for the people living through it. Meet Carlos. He is 33 years old, worked at Amazon for eight years. He started as a warehouse associate, picking and packing orders in a massive fulfillment center in Southern California. Over the years, he moved up. He became a team lead, then a supervisor, managing a crew of 40 workers responsible for processing thousands of orders per shift. He loved the work. It was fast-paced, physically demanding, but it had structure, clear metrics, opportunities for advancement. 8:00 He made $67,000 a year, had full benefits, owned a small condo, was saving for his kids' education. He thought he would stay at Amazon for decades, maybe move into management, build a career. In early 2025, everything changed. Trump's Fair 8:16 E-commerce Act went into effect. The 15% 8:20 tax hit immediately. Carlos started 8:22 noticing changes within weeks. Shipping 8:24 volumes dropped. Customers were ordering 8:27 less because prices had risen to cover 8:28 the tax. Then Amazon announced it was 8:31 consolidating operations, closing 8:33 underperforming fulfillment centers to 8:35 cut costs. Carlos's facility was on the 8:38 list. The company explained that the new 8:41 tax made it impossible to maintain the 8:43 same number of warehouses. They were 8:45 shutting down 15 centers across the 8:47 United States, laying off over 20,000 8:50 workers. Carlos got the call in June. 8:52 His facility would close in 90 days. He 8:55 was offered a choice. He could take 8:56 severance, six months of pay and 8:58 benefits, or he could apply for a 9:00 transfer to one of Amazon's remaining US 9:02 facilities. But those facilities were in 9:04 different states and there were no 9:06 openings for supervisors. He would have 9:08 to move and take a demotion back to a 9:10 warehouse associate role at lower pay. 9:13 or the recruiter mentioned almost 9:14 casually, Amazon was opening new 9:16 fulfillment centers in Canada, Vancouver 9:18 specifically. They were hiring 9:20 supervisors, offering competitive 9:22 salaries, and providing relocation 9:24 assistance. The salary was 58,000 9:26 Canadian dollars, which converted to 9:28 about 43,000 US, less than he was making 9:32 now. But Carlos was also told that the 9:35 cost of living in Vancouver, while high, 9:37 was manageable and the benefits included 9:40 things American workers paid for 9:41 separately, like healthcare. Carlos was 9:44 torn. Moving to another country felt 9:46 overwhelming. He had family in 9:48 California. His kids were in school. His 9:51 wife had a job. But he also knew that 9:53 his options in the United States were 9:55 limited. E-commerce was contracting. 9:58 Amazon was not the only company closing 10:00 warehouses. Walmart had announced 10:02 closures. Target was scaling back. If 10:05 Carlos wanted to stay in the field, he 10:07 knew he had to go where the work was. 10:09 And right now, that was Canada. Carlos 10:12 and his family moved to Vancouver in 10:14 September. The transition was harder 10:16 than he expected. Vancouver is 10:18 expensive. Housing costs were higher 10:20 than California, which he had not 10:22 anticipated, but other costs were lower. 10:25 Health care was covered. Child care was 10:27 subsidized. Public transit was 10:29 excellent. So, he sold one of their 10:31 cars, and the job itself was better than 10:33 he had hoped. Amazon's Vancouver 10:36 facility was state-of-the-art, newly 10:38 built with the latest automation and 10:40 robotics. Carlos was managing a larger 10:42 team, 50 workers instead of 40, and the 10:45 company was investing heavily in 10:47 training and development. Within six 10:49 months, Carlos had been promoted to 10:51 operations manager, overseeing multiple 10:54 departments. His salary increased to 10:56 $72,000 Canadian dollars, about 54,000 11:00 US, still less than he had made in 11:02 California. But his family was stable, 11:05 his job was secure, and he was no longer 11:07 worried that the facility would close 11:10 due to political decisions. Now, let me 11:12 show you the other side of this shift. 11:13 Because for every worker like Carlos who 11:16 found opportunity in Canada, there are 11:18 thousands in the United States who 11:20 stayed and watched their jobs disappear. 11:23 Meet Sandra. She is 28 years old, runs a 11:26 small e-commerce business from Texas. 11:29 Sandra started her company five years 11:30 ago, selling handmade jewelry online 11:33 through Shopify. It began as a side 11:35 project, something she did in the 11:37 evenings while working a corporate job. 11:39 But the business grew. She built a 11:41 following on social media. Her designs 11:43 were unique. Orders started coming in 11:45 faster than she could make them. Two 11:47 years ago, she quit her job and went 11:49 full-time. She was making $75,000 a 11:53 year. Not rich, but enough to live 11:54 comfortably, pay her rent, save a 11:57 little. She loved the autonomy, the 11:59 creativity, the direct connection with 12:01 customers. When Trump's Fair E-commerce 12:03 Act passed, Sandra's business collapsed 12:05 almost overnight. The 15% tax applied to 12:08 every sale. She could not absorb it. Her 12:11 margins were already thin, so she raised 12:13 prices. A necklace that sold for $50 was 12:16 now $60 after tax. Her sales dropped by 12:20 40% within two months. Customers were 12:22 price sensitive. They went to cheaper 12:24 alternatives or stopped buying jewelry 12:26 altogether. Sandra tried to adjust, 12:29 cutting costs, streamlining operations, 12:31 but there was no way to make the math 12:33 work. She was losing money every month. 12:35 Then Sandra learned about other small 12:37 business owners who had moved their 12:38 operations to Canada. Shopify, the 12:41 platform she used, was Canadian and it 12:44 offered a program to help sellers 12:46 relocate. If Sandra registered her 12:48 business in Canada, she could sell to 12:50 American customers without the 15% tax. 12:53 The shipments would come from Canada, 12:55 cross the border with automatic customs 12:57 clearance, and reach customers faster 12:59 than they had from Texas because 13:01 Canada's logistics infrastructure was 13:03 prioritized. Sandra was skeptical. 13:06 Moving her business to Canada sounded 13:07 complicated, but she also knew she did 13:10 not have a choice. Her business was 13:12 dying. In October, she flew to Toronto, 13:15 met with a business adviser, and 13:17 registered her company in Ontario. The 13:20 process took three days. She rented a 13:22 small commercial space to store 13:24 inventory, set up shipping through a 13:26 Canadian logistics provider, and 13:28 redirected her Shopify store to reflect 13:31 the new location. The cost was about 13:33 $5,000, less than she had expected. The 13:37 impact was immediate. Without the 15% 13:39 tax, Sandra could lower her prices back 13:42 to where they had been. Her sales 13:43 rebounded. Within three months, she was 13:46 making more than she had before the tax 13:48 because Canadian e-commerce 13:49 infrastructure was faster and cheaper. 13:51 Shipping costs were lower, customs was 13:53 automated, and because she was now 13:55 operating from Canada, she could sell to 13:58 international markets more easily. 14:00 European customers who had avoided her 14:02 store due to high US shipping costs were 14:04 now buying because Canadian shipping 14:06 rates were lower. By the end of her 14:08 first year in Canada, Sandra's revenue 14:10 had tripled. She hired two employees to 14:12 help with production and fulfillment. 14:14 She moved to Toronto permanently, 14:16 renting an apartment near her workspace, 14:18 and she started advising other American 14:20 small business owners on how to make the 14:22 same transition. For Sandra, the move to 14:25 Canada was not just about survival. It 14:27 was about growth. She had found an 14:29 environment where e-commerce could 14:31 thrive, where policies supported 14:33 entrepreneurs instead of strangling 14:35 them. The contrast between Carlos and 14:37 Sandre reveals something essential about 14:40 this moment. Carlos, with his warehouse 14:42 management skills, had options, but they 14:44 required relocation and accepting lower 14:47 pay initially. He made the move because 14:49 he had no better alternatives in the 14:51 United States. But for workers who could 14:53 not relocate, who had family 14:55 obligations, who lacked transferable 14:57 skills, the collapse of American 14:59 e-commerce meant permanent job loss. 15:01 Meanwhile, Sandra with a flexible 15:04 digital business model found it 15:05 relatively easy to move. Her business 15:08 did not depend on physical location. She 15:11 could operate from anywhere with 15:12 internet and logistics access. And by 15:14 moving to Canada, she unlocked growth 15:17 she could never have achieved under 15:18 American tax policy. Now, let's zoom out 15:21 and look at the structural forces 15:23 reshaping e-commerce. Because 15:25 understanding how this industry works is 15:27 essential to understanding why Trump's 15:30 policies were so destructive. E-commerce 15:33 is fundamentally about logistics. It is 15:35 not just about building websites or 15:37 taking orders online. It is about moving 15:40 physical goods from warehouses to 15:42 customers as quickly and cheaply as 15:44 possible. And that requires 15:46 infrastructure, distribution centers 15:48 strategically located near population 15:50 hubs, transportation networks, trucks, 15:53 planes, trains, technology systems that 15:55 track inventory, optimize routes, manage 15:58 deliveries, and regulatory environments 16:00 that allow goods to move freely without 16:02 excessive friction. For decades, the 16:05 United States had the best e-commerce 16:07 infrastructure in the world. Amazon 16:09 built the model. Massive fulfillment 16:12 centers located within hours of major 16:14 cities, sophisticated algorithms that 16:17 predicted demand and positioned 16:18 inventory close to customers, 16:21 partnerships with carriers like UPS and 16:23 FedEx, and a legal environment that, 16:26 while imperfect, allowed companies to 16:28 operate across state lines without 16:30 crippling bureaucracy. Trump's Fair 16:32 E-commerce Act destroyed that system. 16:35 The 15% tax was not just a revenue 16:37 measure. It was a structural change that 16:40 made e-commerce less competitive than 16:43 traditional retail. And because 16:44 e-commerce operates on thin margins, 16:47 small percentage changes have enormous 16:49 impacts. A 15% tax can turn a profitable 16:53 business model into a loss-making one. 16:55 The interstate commerce regulations 16:57 added friction at every step. Suddenly, 17:00 shipping from California to Texas 17:02 required different paperwork than 17:04 shipping from California to Nevada. 17:06 Companies had to hire compliance teams 17:08 just to navigate state level rules. And 17:11 the gig worker reclassification 17:13 eliminated the flexibility that had made 17:15 fast delivery economically viable. When 17:18 drivers had to be W2 employees, 17:21 companies could not scale up or down 17:23 based on demand. They had to maintain 17:25 full-time staff even during slow 17:27 periods, driving up fixed costs. Canada 17:31 understood that e-commerce success 17:32 depends on removing friction, not adding 17:34 it. Carney's strategy was simple. Make 17:37 it as easy as possible for goods to 17:38 move. No transaction taxes, no 17:40 interprovincial barriers, streamlined 17:42 customs for crossber shipments, and 17:45 labor flexibility that allowed companies 17:46 to use the staffing models that worked 17:48 best for their operations. The results 17:51 were staggering. In less than two years, 17:53 Canada went from handling a small 17:55 fraction of North American e-commerce 17:56 logistics to handling the majority. 17:58 Amazon's largest fulfillment centers are 18:00 now in Vancouver and Toronto. Walmart's 18:03 primary distribution hubs for online 18:05 orders are in Canada. Shopify, already a 18:08 Canadian company, expanded its 18:09 fulfillment network across Ontario and 18:12 British Columbia. And thousands of 18:14 smaller logistics companies, trucking 18:16 firms, warehousing operations, courier 18:19 services, all relocated or expanded into 18:22 Canada to support the boom. The ripple 18:24 effects extend far beyond the companies 18:27 themselves. Communities that hosted 18:29 large fulfillment centers, towns in 18:31 California, Texas, Ohio, Pennsylvania 18:33 are seeing economic decline. When an 18:36 Amazon warehouse closes, it does not 18:38 just eliminate jobs at the facility. It 18:40 affects the entire local economy. 18:42 Trucking companies lose contracts. 18:44 Restaurants near the warehouse lose 18:46 customers. Real estate values drop. Tax 18:49 revenue shrinks. Schools and public 18:51 services face budget cuts. The closure 18:53 of a single large fulfillment center can 18:56 devastate a small town. Meanwhile, 18:58 Canadian communities are booming. 19:00 Richmond, a suburb of Vancouver, has 19:02 become a logistics hub. Warehouses are 19:04 going up rapidly. Housing is being built 19:06 to accommodate workers. New businesses 19:08 are opening to serve the growing 19:10 population. The same pattern is visible 19:12 in Missaga, near Toronto, and in suburbs 19:15 of Montreal. These communities are 19:17 experiencing growth not seen in decades. 19:20 But there is another dimension to this 19:21 story and it has to do with the gig 19:23 economy. Trump's reclassification of gig 19:26 workers as W2 employees was supposed to 19:29 protect vulnerable workers from 19:31 exploitation. And in some cases, it did. 19:34 Workers who had been treated as 19:35 contractors without benefits now had 19:37 health care and job protections. But for 19:39 many others, the policy eliminated 19:41 opportunities. People who had relied on 19:43 gig work for supplemental income, 19:46 parents working around child care 19:47 schedules, students earning money 19:49 between classes, retirees staying 19:51 active, suddenly found that those 19:53 opportunities were gone. Companies 19:55 simply could not afford to hire everyone 19:57 as full-time employees. So, they cut the 20:00 workforce, reduced hours, and made do 20:02 with fewer workers. In Canada, gig work 20:05 remained flexible. Companies could still 20:07 use independent contractors. Drivers 20:09 could still set their own hours, and 20:11 workers appreciated the autonomy. Yes, 20:14 they did not have the same benefits as 20:16 full-time employees, but they had 20:18 freedom, the ability to work when it 20:20 suited them, to earn extra income 20:22 without committing to a rigid schedule. 20:25 For many people, that flexibility was 20:27 more valuable than mandated benefits 20:30 that came with loss of control over 20:32 their time. You deserve better than 20:34 this. You deserve leaders who understand 20:36 that industries built on efficiency and 20:38 flexibility cannot survive under 20:41 policies that prioritize ideological 20:43 goals over economic reality. Carlos 20:46 deserves better. Sandra deserves better. 20:49 The thousands of workers who lost jobs 20:51 because warehouses closed. The small 20:53 business owners who had to choose 20:55 between relocating or shutting down. 20:57 They all deserve better. Canada did not 21:00 steal American e-commerce. Canada built 21:02 an alternative because American policy 21:04 made e-commerce unviable in the United 21:07 States. The 15% tax, the interstate 21:10 regulations, the gig worker mandates, 21:12 all of them were designed with good 21:14 intentions. But good intentions without 21:17 understanding of how industries actually 21:18 operate lead to disaster. And until 21:21 American leaders recognize that punitive 21:24 taxation, regulatory complexity, and 21:27 rigid labor rules drive companies away 21:30 rather than protecting workers, this 21:32 trend will continue. American e-commerce 21:34 is not dead, but it is no longer 21:36 leading. Packages are crossing the 21:39 border from north to south, reversing a 21:41 flow that had defined the continent for 21:43 decades. And the workers who built the 21:45 logistics networks, who picked and 21:47 packed millions of orders, who delivered 21:49 packages to doorsteps, are learning that 21:51 even industries that seem inherently 21:53 local can relocate when governments make 21:56 them impossible. That is the lesson of 21:58 America's e-commerce collapse. And it is 22:00 a lesson written on every shipping label 22:02 coming from Vancouver for everyone to 22:05 see. But there is another worker whose 22:07 story deserves attention because it 22:08 reveals how the gig economy 22:10 reclassification affected people who 22:12 were never asking for W2 status in the 22:15 first place. Meet Maria. She is 41 years 22:18 old, lives in Phoenix, Arizona. Maria 22:21 works as a nurse full-time at a local 22:23 hospital, 40 hours a week on rotating 22:25 shifts. The pay is decent, $58,000 a 22:29 year, but Arizona is expensive, and 22:31 Maria is a single mother with two kids. 22:34 Her nursing salary covers the basics, 22:36 rent, food, utilities, but there is 22:39 never much left over. So for 3 years, 22:42 Maria drove for Door Dash in her off 22:44 hours. A few evenings a week, weekend 22:47 mornings, whenever her schedule allowed. 22:50 She made an extra,000 to $1,500 a month, 22:53 enough to cover her kids extracurricular 22:55 activities, build a small emergency 22:57 fund, occasionally take them to a movie 23:00 or a restaurant. The gig work was perfect for Maria because it was flexible. She could turn the app on when she had time and turn it off when she did not. Some weeks she worked 10 hours. Some weeks she worked none. It fit around her nursing shifts, around her kids' schedules, around her life. She was not looking to make Door Dash a career. It was supplemental income that gave her family a little breathing room. When Trump's labor policy reclassified gig workers as W2 employees, Door Dash faced a choice. They could not afford to hire every driver as a full-time employee with benefits. The economics did not work. So, they drastically reduced their driver pool, keeping only those who could commit to consistent schedules, effectively turning gig work into shift work. Maria, with her nursing job and unpredictable availability, no longer qualified. Her application to stay on as a W2 employee was denied because she could not commit to minimum weekly hours. Maria lost her supplemental income overnight. That $1,000 to $1,500 a month gone. She tried 24:02 other gig platforms, Uber, Instacart, but they all faced the same regulatory pressure and made the same cuts. The flexible income opportunities that had existed for millions of Americans simply disappeared. Maria had to cut back. Her daughter's dance classes stopped. Her son's soccer league dropped. The small emergency fund she had been building depleted within months to cover unexpected expenses. Maria was not better off under the new policy. She was worse off. She had not been exploited as a contractor. She had been empowered by flexibility. And when that flexibility was eliminated in the name of protecting her, she lost the very thing that had made her financial life manageable. And most Americans ordering packages online have no idea any of this happened. They click by and two days later a box appears on their doorstep. They do not look at the shipping label. They do not notice that the origin city has changed from California or Texas to Vancouver or 25:02 Toronto. They do not think about the warehouse worker who lost a job, the gig driver who lost flexibility, the small business owner who had to relocate to survive. The system still works for consumers, at least for now. packages still arrive, but the infrastructure supporting that convenience has fundamentally shifted. And once that shift is complete, once American logistics capacity has been dismantled and Canadian infrastructure becomes the default, reversing it will be nearly impossible. That is the danger of policy that sounds good in speeches but ignores how industries actually function. By the time the consequences become visible to ordinary people, the damage is already

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