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Date: 2024-11-09 Page is: DBtxt001.php L0200-IS-EN-Industrial-Pollution

EXISTENTIAL RISKS
INDUSTRIAL AGE POLLUTION
Energy Industry ... Big profits and big pollution

Oil spills / Nigeria

Flaring gas in USA

Refinery air quality

Coal (Open pit)

Fracking

Oil Spills / BP
TO DO ... Images to be changed to be more relevant for the subject

CORRUPTION / LACK OF TRANSPARENCY

Thousands of examples / Ineffective systems to hold parties to account
GO TO
MAJOR ISSUES
Pollution
Many different sorts of pollution ... all doing damage to people, society and the environment

TO DO ... update images to be more relevant to the subject matter

USA Stream
Phillipines Beach
Sea Bird

ENERGY INDUSTRY POLLUTION GO TOP

Energy Industry ... Big profits and big pollution

Oil spills / Nigeria

Flaring gas in USA

Refinery air quality

Coal (Open pit)

Fracking

Oil Spills / BP
Different handling of oil spills in Brazil and USA
Brazilians charge Big Oil for spill...why didn't we?
Open file 1831

PLASTIC POLLUTION GO TOP

Initiative: The Ocean Cleanup
Open L0500-The-Ocean-Cleanup

Ethical-Corporation-Plastics-Briefing
'http://truevaluemetrics.org/DBpdfs/Pollution/Ethical-Corporation-Plastics-Briefing.pdf'
Open PDF ... Ethical-Corporation-Plastics-Briefing

Marine Anthropogenic Litter
Reports of plastics in the marine environment began to appear in the early 1970s. At the time, Edward Carpenter of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution speculated that the problem was likely to get worse and that toxic, non-polymeric compounds in plastics known as plasticizers could be delivered to marine organisms as a potential effect. Carpenter’s speculations were correct and probably more so than he imagined. The quantity of plastics in ocean waters has increased enormously, and toxic plastic additives, as well as toxicants concentrated by plastics from the surrounding sea water, have been documented in many marine species
The complete book (462 pages)
Open PDF ... Marine-Anthropogenic-Litter-Book
Open external link
'https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-16510-3'
Open External Link ...
Introduction / Brief History of the Research
Chapter 1 ... A Brief History of Marine Litter Research ... Peter G. Ryan
Open PDF ... Chapter 1
Part I ... Abiotic Aspects of Marine ... Litter Pollution
Chapter 2 ... Global Distribution, Composition and Abundance of Marine Litter ... François Galgani, Georg Hanke and Thomas Maes
Open PDF ... Chapter 2
Chapter 3 ... Persistence of Plastic Litter in the Oceans ... Anthony L. Andrady
Open PDF ... Chapter 3
Part II ... Biological Implications of Marine Litter
Chapter 4 ... Deleterious Effects of Litter on Marine Life ... Susanne Kühn, Elisa L. Bravo Rebolledo and Jan A. van Franeker
Open PDF ... Chapter 4
Chapter 5 ... The Complex Mixture, Fate and Toxicity of Chemicals Associated with Plastic Debris in the Marine Environment ... Chelsea M. Rochman
Open PDF ... Chapter 5
Chapter 6 ... Marine Litter as Habitat and Dispersal Vector ... Tim Kiessling, Lars Gutow and Martin Thiel
Open PDF ... Chapter 6
Part III ... Microplastics
Chapter 7 ... Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Sources, Consequences and Solutions ... Richard C. Thompson
Open PDF ... Chapter 7
Chapter 8 ... Methodology Used for the Detection and Identification of Microplastics—A Critical Appraisal ... Martin G.J. Löder and Gunnar Gerdts
Open PDF ... Chapter 8
Chapter 9 ... Sources and Pathways of Microplastics to Habitats ... Mark A. Browne
Open PDF ... Chapter 9
Chapter 10 ... Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Distribution, Interactions and Effects ... Amy Lusher
Open PDF ... Chapter 10
Chapter 11 ... Modeling the Role of Microplastics in Bioaccumulation of Organic Chemicals to Marine Aquatic Organisms. A Critical Review ... Albert A. Koelmans
Open PDF ... Chapter 11
Chapter 12 ... Nanoplastics in the Aquatic Environment. Critical Review ... Albert A. Koelmans, Ellen Besseling and Won J. Shim
Open PDF ... Chapter 12
Part IV ... Socio-economic Implications of Marine Anthropogenic Litter
Chapter 13 ... Micro- and Nano-plastics and Human Health ... Tamara S. Galloway
Open PDF ... Chapter 13
Chapter 14 ... The Economics of Marine Litter ... Stephanie Newman, Emma Watkins, Andrew Farmer, Patrick ten Brink and Jean-Pierre Schweitzer
Open PDF ... Chapter 14
Chapter 15 ... Regulation and Management of Marine Litter ... Chung-Ling Chen
Open PDF ... Chapter 15
Chapter 16 ... The Contribution of Citizen Scientists to the Monitoring of Marine Litter ... Valeria Hidalgo-Ruz and Martin Thiel
Open PDF ... Chapter 16

AIR POLLUTION GO TOP

Air pollution ... Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
EPA-pollution-standards-epa-plan-summary-June-2014
Air pollution standards for electic power generation in the USA being proposed by EPA, June 2014
'http://truevaluemetrics.org/DBpdfs/Environmental-Protection/EPA-pollution-standards-epa-plan-summary-June-2014.pdf'
Open PDF ... EPA-pollution-standards-epa-plan-summary-June-2014

Air pollution ... Diesel Soot and Human Health
West Oakland ...Clearing-the-Air-Study ... 2003
West Oakland residents face dangerous amounts of diesel soot in the air: Some West Oakland residents are exposed to roughly five times more diesel particulates than residents in other parts of Oakland. West Oakland residents may have an increased risk of one extra cancer per 1,000 residents due to diesel particulate exposure over a lifetime.
There is far more diesel pollution in West Oakland than in the rest of the State/Region: There are 6 times more diesel particulates emitted per person and over 90 times more diesel particulates per square mile per year in West Oakland than in the State of California.2
'http://truevaluemetrics.org/DBpdfs/Place/WestOakland/WestOakland-clearing-the-air-study.pdf'
Open PDF ... WestOakland-clearing-the-air-study

ORIGIN OF POLLUTION

AlJazeera English ... Opinion ... Who pollutes: The rich or the poor?
India's prime minister Modi is allowing India's environment to be destroyed in order to cater to powerful foreign investors.
Privatising profit and natural resources, socialising pollution
Open file 147

Polluted Water
Polluted water is everywhere ... almost always the result of bad human behavior at both the consumer level and during the manufacture of producs

Polluted waterway ... all sorts of discarded junk
Solid waste ... all sort of detritus in a small watercourse. This sort of pollution is all over the United States, and is much worse around cities in poor developing countries.
Polluted water ... all sorts of disolved toxins
Building on prior studies largely in Europe in 1999−2000 the USGS Toxics program surveyed 139 stream sites across the U.S. using five target-organic-chemical methods (95 total organic waste analytes; geospatial-chemical space of 13k cells). This study established the ubiquity and corresponding geospatial importance of organic contaminants of emerging concern as potential drivers of aquatic-ecosystem and downstream human health in the U.S.47 The Kolpin et al. study10 also provided one of the earliest glimpses into the complexity of surface water organic-contaminant mixtures, despite the fact that comprehensive chemical characterization was not a study objective and methods for some well established environmental-contaminant classes (e.g., pesticides and VOC) were not included
Environmental-Science-US-Water-Pollution-Study
'http://truevaluemetrics.org/DBpdfs/Pollution/Environmental-Science-US-Water-Pollution-Study.pdf'
Open PDF ... Environmental-Science-US-Water-Pollution-Study

Wastewater Treatment
A critical part of high value infrastructure
GO TOP

The Deer Island wastewater treatment plant was the centerpiece of a project to clean up the Boston Harbor. It wasn’t fully operational until 2000. Doc Searls/flickr, CC BY

Ubiquitous Pollution
Polluted water is everywhere ... almost always the result of bad human behavior at both the consumer level and during the manufacture of products
GO TOP

New Delhi’s Yamuna River, like much of India’s water, is polluted. The world urgently needs low-carbon ways to clean things up. EPA/Harish Tyagi Many Chinese waterways are severely polluted. EPA/DIEGO AZUBEL/AAP
Issue ... Clean water and sanitation / Climate impact
Let’s make sure that cleaning up the world’s water doesn’t send our climate targets down the gurgler
Open file 12460

Polluted Water ... Brazil
Polluted water in Brazil became a very visible issue during the 2016 Olympics

Environmental Pollution ... Sewage / Human Waste
As Rio bay waters show, we badly need innovation in treating human wastes
Open file 11749
Issue ... Water / Sanitation
Brazil’s sewage woes reflect the growing global water quality crisis
Open file 12459
Olympic rowers train in waters near Rio. The lack of sufficient treatment has raised health concerns for athletes. Carlos Barria/Reuters

News about the sewage and pollution in Guanabara Bay in Rio have caused health concerns among Olympic athletes. Ricardo Moraes/Reuters

Millions of dollars were spent to clean up the trash and treat sewage in the waterways around Rio before the Olympics, but water quality remains a worry. Ricardo Moraes/Reuters

Data about global Human Waste situation
Massive problem largely ignored based on allocation of financial resources

Human Waste
Managed well in mature rich economies, but a huge problem in poor developing countries


The largest circles show the countries most in need of sanitation. World Bank
Human Waste The SFD, or shit flow diagram, for Dhaka, Bangladesh shows that nearly all of waste is released into the environment untreated. World Water Week,
Human waste increases as population increases. With more than 7 billion people on the planet the volume of human waste is around 3 million metric tons per day!
(Based on a population of around 7 billion and feces production per person of around 1lb per person per day!)
Open file #12979
School latrine in Ethiopia
Public latrine in China ... a community near Beijing
Because installing centralized sewage treatment plants is expensive and plants do not expand quickly to match population growth, alternative methods such as regular waste collection businesses are needed. gtzecosan/flickr, CC BY
A technology initiative funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation ... conversion to biochar



Plastic in the Oceans Between 1950 and 2015, an estimated 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced globally, and 75% of this plastic has been thrown away. A large percentage of this waste has ended up in the world’s oceans, creating the problem that is so graphically shown in Power’s photos. Open file #14012
Emerging-Air-Pollution-Issues-in-Changing-Pearl-River-Delta-of-South-China
Air pollution standards for electic power generation in the USA being proposed by EPA, June 2014
'http://truevaluemetrics.org/DBpdfs/Pollution/Emerging-Air-Pollution-Issues-in-Changing-Pearl-River-Delta-of-South-China.pdf'
Open PDF ... Emerging-Air-Pollution-Issues-in-Chainging-Pearl-River-Delta-of-South-China
State-of-Global-Air-2018
Air pollution standards for electic power generation in the USA being proposed by EPA, June 2014
'http://truevaluemetrics.org/DBpdfs/Pollution/AirPollution/State-of-Global-Air-2018.pdf'
Open PDF ... State-of-Global-Air-2018



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