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LIBERIA
CHALLENGES OF POST WAR RECOVERY
Liberians Plagued by Mental Health Problems in Aftermath of War
Burgess COMMENTARY
My involvement with Liberia goes back to 1974 during the Presidency of William Tolbert. At the time I was the CFO of a company called Continental Seafoods Inc (CSF) that operated shrimp fishing fleets in many different parts of the world, including Liberia.
CSF was started soon after WWII and grew over the years to become one of the largest importers of shrimp into the United States. Early in the 1970s, CSF was sold to Ward Foods, a large US food company with no experience with seafood and worse, with high volumes and low margins in most of its products. I believe the plan was for the acquisition of CSF to start to improve the margins being reported by Ward Foods. The timing could not have been worse.
In 1973 the OPEC oil shock changed the economics of everything, and especially the operation of fishing vessels. The biggest single cost in the shrimp fishing industry is fuel for the trawlers, and when OPEC happened the cost of shrimp fishing tripled. At the same time that shrimp fishing costs were going up, the demand for shrimp was going down as the stagflation of the 1970s took hold. CSF's founder who had sold the company to Ward Foods was replaced by Bruce Sidwell, and the CSF CFO was replaced by me. I was faced with CSF accounts that showed we would be out of business in months, if not weeks.
THIS STORY NEEDS TO BE EXPANDED
(1) TO DESCRIBE THE REORGANIZATION OF CSF
(2) TO DESCRIBE CSF IN LIBERIA AND
(3) TO DESCRIBE MY OTHER WORK IN LIBERIA
Peter Burgess
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Liberians Plagued by Mental Health Problems in Aftermath of War
Report By Tecee Boley, New Narratives Justice Correspondent
Article last updated December 21st, 2018
Ganta, Nimba County – The heat of late morning sun here is overwhelming today. Dorbor Kullie- [name withheld to protect him from stigma] moves his chair by the side of a building to benefit from its shade. He uses his shirt to wipe his face but he continues to perspire profusely. Yet, he wears a winter hat with ear-flaps. The ear-flaps do more than just cover his ears, they are cover the spots where his ears used to be.
It is 25 years since Kullie and his brother, then young teenagers, were dragged out of their refuge hut and tortured. United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO K) cut open his brother’s chest with a knife while he was alive and ripped out his heart. Yet, in some ways Kullie feels his brother is the luckier of the two. He does not have to relive the aftermath of the of the despicable crime.
“First, they cut off one of my ears, they gave it to me and asked me to chew it,” Kullie recalls. “I was chewing until I noticed they were not paying attention to me, then I dropped it. They came back and cut my other ear. It was so painful I could not cry. I knew I was going to die.”
The physical scars may have healed but Kullie, now 37, keeps seeing flashbacks of his brother being killed and his own torture when he was just 12 years old.
Kullie is one of thousands of Liberians who are still suffering as a result of shocking things that happened to them or what they saw happened to others during the war in Liberia. There are no recent statistics available but a 2008 study conducted five years after Liberia’s civil war ended by Harvard Humanitarian Initiative at Harvard University, found that 40% of Liberians had symptoms of major depression and 44% appeared to have post-traumatic stress disorder.
There have been discussions in the public about other issues of war crimes in Liberia. But the country’s mental health problems as a result of the war has never been a part of the public discourse. The war is to blame for some of Liberia’s mental health conditions says Dr. Janice Cooper, head of Carter Center Mental Health programs in Liberia from 2010 to 2018.
“When we think about what the vestiges of the war is in terms of mental illness, we think about the fact that people suffer trauma, severe trauma,” says Dr. Cooper. “Not just what they saw and witnessed that led they to be post traumatic. People had their heads hit with the butt of guns. They were beaten to a degree that was terrible, all of those things.”
The impact of post-traumatic stress disorder is far reaching. People who lived during the war in Liberia are not the only ones that are suffering but younger generations too, says Dr. Cooper.
“When we think about the war and mental health, the other thing is- we need to think about the legacy of the war,” said Cooper. We have generations now that did not know war but they also experience trauma and other mental health conditions as a result of the war. They are legacy of the war in that they may have a mother or father that has mental illness and so they experience it. Or, they may have a life situation because of that.”
Kullie’s family has suffered because of his trauma. At this time of the day, most Liberian parents have gone to work but Kullie is at home. He bends his head fighting back tears, unable to forget what happened to him and his brother in Luyama town in Lofa County in 1993.
“I am finding it hard to find job. Every time I apply for a job when they call me and I appear, I will not hear from them again,” he says. “Because of my ears I feel stigmatized. My daughter does not live with me. She lives with my wife brother in Monrovia. It makes me feel so bad to not be able to take care of her.”
There is only one mental health facility in Liberia-E.S. Grant run by the John F. Kennedy Hospital on Duport Road. With his distance and condition, the only help Kullie has been able to get is by radio. “I listen to Aaron Debah’s program it makes me feel better. I would like to work with him.”
Aaron Debah, a mental health clinician who teaches at the United Methodist University nursing school in Ganta and runs a local program using the radio to help people with mental health conditions. He says he believes that there are many people who are afraid to visit the clinic/hospital.
“We know that there are a lot of people in our communities in Nimba who were affected because a whole lot happened here [during the war],” he says. “That is why we do home visitations and awareness creation by the radio. There are stigma and other [Spiritual] beliefs associated with mental health conditions. Herbalists and other religious [Pastor and Imams] people have convinced our people.”
One of such herbalists is Grand Zoe of the Poro Society in Nimba County, Lawrence Gonyor. Gonyor sits with a group of young men surrounding him. He is treated like royalty. Two of the young men follow him about. His two young wives run to accomplish every directive coming out of his mouth. In his compound are seven houses and one huge hall which he uses as a video club. He has two cars, another house in central Ganta and a clinic under construction in Jacob Town, Monrovia. He says he charges up to a per patient.
He orders one of the young men to bring out photographs of people he has worked for. Meanwhile, there are about ten people with different illness lying about. Pointing to a photograph of a young man restrained with chains, whom he claims got well after his treatment he says, “Most of the people with brain sickness, that gani can be giving them hard time. Kwi medicine nah able it [Civilized medicine is unable to make them well].”
Kullie looks at the other scars on his hands -remnants of a cruel form of torture in which the elbows are tied on the back so thoroughly that the rope cuts into the flesh. This was commonly referred to as ‘duck farh tarbay’.
“I believe they wanted body parts from us for ritual. I decided they will not get it while I was alive. I decided to run-believing they will shoot me in the back. I ran and that was how I survived. I came back that night and saw that they took my brother’s heart.”
Grand Zoe, Gonyor shows off a wooden lock and chines used for restraining people with mental health conditions, he says all of Kullie’s problems can only be solved by traditional remedies. On the other, Dr. Cooper is praying for Kullie and his like to be treated with dignity.
This story was a collaboration with New Narratives as part of the West Africa Justice Reporting Project.
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By Admin ... Report By Tecee Boley, New Narratives Justice Correspondent
Last updated Dec 21, 2018
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